Please Correct The Highlighted Sections

The App Says You SuckLike many people, I’ve been trying my hand at freelancing here and there for extra income over the past few years. In my case, it’s nothing glorious – just writing (or rewriting) web content explaining the benefits of regular eye exams, how a reverse mortgage works, or where Eddie Murphy’s net worth ranks him compared to other actors or comics. (He’s doing better than Mike Myers or Denzel Washington but not as well as Rowan Atkinson or Robert Downey, Jr.)

I share this because of an experience I had this week that I found illuminating, if not entirely surprising.

The service I work through is set up so that once you’ve established a track record of relative success, you have the opportunity to move up the freelancing food chain a bit. I was contacted by company wanting me to compose some informational pieces involving building materials and design choices for retail spaces. The trick was that it had to be researched and then accurately presented at about a sixth grade reading level.

I knew that the content would prove a challenge, at least at first (I know little to nothing about construction), but I wasn’t particularly concerned about the complexity of the writing. Many of my kids read at a similar level and I modify stuff for them all the time.

I was wrong.

Stressed WriterThe content was difficult, to be sure. I had so little to build on (no pun intended) in terms of background knowledge or relevant experiences that the waves of new information had nothing to grab on to – no schema or framework on which to cling. I didn’t understand half of the vocabulary, let alone the concepts, priorities, or science involved. It was humbling.

But, hey – I know the drill: “The learning happens in the struggle.” “It’s the effort that matters most.” “Stretching ourselves is how we grow.” All the usual motivational stuff we tell kids when they frustrated. Stuff I absolutely believed up until this week, when I discovered that I’m an idiot and incapable of the most basic tasks others seem to master easily.

See, the content is only half the writing battle. Then came the “easy” part – explaining the required bits about that content at the reading level requested. The client provided a link to a free application they use for just such a purpose and asked me to make sure any problems it identified were “cleared” before I submitted the final product.

You feel it coming now, don’t you?

Pollock As EditorI did my first draft in Microsoft Word like I always do. It’s silly, but I have specific fonts and margins that feel right to me and help me think more clearly. My preferred approach is to just get it all down on paper (well, virtual paper) then go back and clean it up afterward. I’m usually well over maximum word count with my first drafts, but I’ve accepted this as my own personal style – which is a nice way to say it’s a glaring flaw I’ve simply learned to work through each and every time.

After doing some revising, I copied the entire thing into the app.

It looked like Jackson Pollock did the highlighting, there were so many problems marked. My sentences were at best too complex, and at worst incomprehensible babble. I used big words where small ones would do and semi-colons where decent, God-fearing Americans would have put periods. The app particularly hated my transitions or anything reeking of comparisons, contrasts, or examples. Worst of all, I’d used adverbs – the Devil’s diction and a form of speech best relegated to corporate-cloned pop songs and Stephanie Meyer novels.

After regaining my composure, I began editing. And rewriting. And cutting. And reworking. And… and…

Let’s skip ahead a bit. Emotionally, it was easily another sixty or seventy hours of grueling mental and emotional labor. According to my wife and her attachment to traditional, linear time, it was about forty-five minutes. The page no longer looked like the Apocalypse had come to grade my efforts, but neither was it anywhere near clear of problems – at least according to the app.

I closed the lid and walked away. I said some ugly, unprofessional things about the app, the company who’d hired me, the general reading level of the average American, and may have unfairly slandered Ernest Hemingway and Raymond Carter somewhere along the way. I wanted to throw things, which, granted, seems a bit disproportional in retrospect, and for a moment thought I might actually break into tears.

Kirk TantrumPlease understand, my Eleven Faithful Followers – this story isn’t about the app. It’s not about whether or not the writing was as bad as it looked or the reading level of the target audience for this particular company. I’m a grown-up (well, most of the time). I was hired to do a job a certain way and if I can’t do it the way they want, I don’t deserve to get paid. My opinions about rhetorical choices are irrelevant in this situation.

What I’d like to focus on, however, is that experience.  Sure, clearly there were some other things going on for me to have melted down like that over some algorithmic highlighting. But it was nevertheless in that moment absolutely crippling. I couldn’t process what it was wanting me to do differently. I no longer even believed it was possible to meet the requirements of the assignment. In that moment, I was swept up in emotions and irrational lines of thinking absolutely familiar to any educator.

Clearly, this assignment was ridiculous. Impossible. The person asking this of me is either delusional or cruel.

These requirements are absurd. Undoable. No one can satisfy this program. Or, if they can, they’re just as stupid and useless as the app and the assignment.

You know the last one. It’s the one all the others do their best to obscure.

I’m too stupid to figure this out. I don’t know why I’m even trying. Clearly other people can do this – just not me.

CRT ProtestLike many of you, I’ve learned over the years to let it out without doing anything too destructive and then come back and deal with whatever set me off. That’s the advantage of age and a little wisdom. It’s not about avoiding every possible failure; it’s about how we recover and respond, yada yada growth mindset, mutter mumble faster smarter wiser, blah blah blah cue Captain Marvel soundtrack.

It’s an advantage of perspective which many of our students do not yet have. And that’s why I’m sharing my moment of crash-n-burn with you here.

People outside of education try to distill everything we do into false dichotomies in order to simplify their outrage. We either teach that America is GREAT or that it’s HORRIBLE. We either teach FACTS or we INDOCTRINATE kids with our personal ideologies. We either focus on ACADEMIC STANDARDS or we coddle students and give them a diploma merely for sharing their FEELINGS.

In reality, of course, it’s al more complicated than that – especially that last bit. Standards matter, but so do student emotions and perceptions. Besides, it’s not a question of choosing one over the other; they’re interwound. Students generally learn better when they feel secure and confident. Sure, some need to be humbled and shaken a bit if they’re going to rid themselves of complacency and entitlement and become their best selves. Others need wraparound services and a reliable source of protein if they’re going to have any chance of passing their state algebra exams.

The app didn’t much care about my feelings (obviously) or the state of mind I was in as my efforts continued to fall short. I confess that it did eventually force me to admit that I have a certain way I like to do things and that I have difficulty adjusting to what others require. In other words, it pushed me to “learn” something about my writing and myself. With enough revision and a better attitude I finally got the piece pretty close to what was asked of me.

At the same time, even if we assume the standards being applied were flawless, the inflexibility quickly pushed me past challenged and into chaffed. Not that many years ago I would have walked away from it altogether. In high school I’d have never kept at it long enough to snap. Once I realized how overwhelming the expectations were, I’d have done something else instead.

Captain Marvel QuoteAt the risk of sounding preachy about something I’m certain we all already know, let’s remember this coming year to be intentional and aware when it comes to standards and expectations and how we convey them. Don’t sacrifice your belief that students can and should do better just because it’s been a weird couple of years. Academics matter. Progress matters. Sometimes pushing them is for their own good. Sometimes they need to fail (short-term) to grow.

At the same time, many of us expect classroom dynamics and personal volatility to be particularly challenging this year – for them, for us, for everyone. Remember to recognize effort and growth and progress. Ask yourself when it’s best for the student to keep pushing and when you serve them best by celebrating improvement and calling it a win. You’re not an app, even if you felt like one for a good part of last year. Fight the faux crisis of “learning loss” or whatever else they throw at you this year and remember how good you sometimes are with live, in-person students.

Eyes open. Mind clear. You got this. And you can use all the adverbs you want.

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Scaffold The $#*& Out Of It

Scaffolding StairsMy students are not typical of those I’ve had in the past. I’ve had plenty of diversity in my 22+ years of public education, but it’s always been just that – diversity. My current school is not particularly diverse. Sure, there’s a mix of haggard white kids and not-particularly-prosperous Hispanic students walking the halls, but by far the greatest majority of my darlings are poor, Black, and from backgrounds the rest of us might cautiously clump together as “complicated.”

So it’s been a learning experience.

The most bracing realization was that pretty much nothing I’d ever done in class with any other group of students actually works here. That’s not an attack on them so much as a confession of my own shortcomings. I’ve been riding high on personality and pedagogy-with-a-flair for quite a few years, and finding out that I was incapable of successfully communicating, for example, the “iceberg” approach to analyzing a short story (the author uses the “ice” above the water – the details in the story – to hint at the larger realities just below the surface) was humbling.

I’d rather not even discuss the results of our efforts to recognize ethos, logos, and pathos is persuasive writing, commercials, or print ads. It was… messy.

But hey – I’ve been to teacher school. Once. A long time ago. I’ve got one of them “toolboxes” we always hear about, stuffed onto a shelf somewhere in my metaphorical pedagogical garage. This is doable, right?

Right?

The Five Paragraph Essay

Scaffolding MysteryFor those of you new to education, there are several things you can bring up in any gathering of teachers to virtually GUARANTEE a complete and total breakdown of whatever was SUPPOSED to be happening. “So… what’s our primary goal as educators, exactly?” is a classic – both unanswerable and constantly answered poorly. “How should our honors/advanced/GT/AP classes be different than our regular/on-level/academic classes?” is another sure-fire disrupter. Oh, and I particularly enjoy overtly ethical and unavoidably emotional conundrums: “Do we really want students missing class because they’re not properly aligned with our outdated and possibly misogynistic ideas about clothing?” or “Should attendance really matter if they can demonstrate they can do the work and have mastered the skills?”

It’s good times, I assure you.

For English or Social Studies teachers (especially those frothy AP types), the Holy Hand Grenade of rapport-killers is the Five Paragraph Essay. Come out in favor, come out opposed, or simply mention it in passing, and off the rest of us will go. Only Wikipedia and Teach For America have achieved similar infamy for their ability to produce pseudo-intellectual chaos and mutual hostility, online or in the teachers’ lounge.

Honestly, you’d be better off bringing up religion, immigration, or abortion. Fewer emotions or deeply entrenched convictions in play that way.

More ScaffoldingThe primary criticism of the Five Paragraph Essay is that it’s stifling. Students learn to plug-n-play to fit a format without any real conviction and little actual learning. It’s barely an evolutionary step up from fill-in-the-blank worksheets. Secondary teachers and college professors alike lament their students’ inability to break free once their minds have been trapped and corrupted by this five-part infection.

An essay should be however long it takes to say what you have to say! This “structure” practically DEMANDS bland, surface-level thinking and formulaic thesis statements! It destroys creativity and genuine thought! IT PRODUCES STUDENTS WHO ASK HOW MANY SENTENCES HAVE TO BE IN EACH PARAGRAPH!!!

Those voicing these complaints aren’t entirely wrong.

At the same time, there’s something to be said for structure. How much great rock’n’roll started with the same basic 12-bar blues? How grounded is most Occidental music in the standard 12-note chromatic scale? And while there are plenty of examples to the contrary, it’s still hard to beat the power of verse-chorus-verse-chorus-bridge-(verse)-chorus. And yet, somehow, music has managed to remain fresh and creative and meaningful and real.

Well, some of it, anyway.

If the musical example doesn’t resonate with you, there’s a comparable structure for planning a meal. Salads come first, maybe with a little bread. It’s typically green and one of two or three main varieties. The main course comes next, and ideally consists of one-quarter proteins, another quarter carbohydrates, and the remaining half some sort of vegetable. Dessert is last, and usually sweet.

Of course you can defy conventions if you wish. Have your green beans with your mousse or stir your salad into your iced tea. That sort of freedom periodically leads to brilliance and creativity, like whoever first thought to put ham or buffalo chicken on salad. Yum!

Generally, however – especially when you’re new to the process – there’s strength and security in following established wisdom.

Scaffolding Like CrazyI’ve previously compared writing with structure to making brownies from a box. It’s absurd for anyone with actual baking skills, but for someone at my amateurish level, those pre-measured ingredients and carefully diagrammed steps are a lifesaver. So are the instructions about how to put together my new desk or “how-to” guides for replacing the trim in your house. Even John Coltrane and Miles Davis mastered their scales before leaving the planet with their own ideas about what jazz could be.

And it seems I’ve come full circle back to the music metaphor. So be it.

I get that there are problems with the Five Paragraph Essay. For example, it’s unlikely most of my students will ever be called on to open with an attention-grabber, introduce what they’re going to say and how they’ll support it, elaborate on each of those points, then restate everything by way of conclusion. The so-called “real world” will rarely expect them to write this way and, unless you’re an old-school preacher, most of us don’t talk that way – and couldn’t, even if we wanted to.

On the other hand, at some point in their lives, assuming a modicum of personal or professional success, it IS likely they’ll be expected to explain a process, persuade a small group, or advocate for themselves or someone in their care. It may be formal, as part of a business presentation, or informal, standing at a customer service counter, or perhaps sitting across the desk from their child’s teacher or principal. It may be part of their effort to get a loan, defend themselves against a traffic ticket, or make a case at a community meeting for some policy or another.

While expressing themselves like a Five Paragraph Essay may not be the most effective approach, neither is their current default of “Tsst! Are you %&@4ing STUPID?!” The hope, then, is that by working on overall clarity and the necessity of supporting any argument with clear, rational thought, they’ll be better able to transfer this general skill to situations beyond the classroom.

Hey, we can dream, can’t we?

That is, in any case, the current reality in which I teach – or did before the Covid-19 beast descended. (I can’t wait for Easter when everything will be magically cured by saving the stock market.) As recently as a month or so ago, however, we were still just having school and trying to pry open their little minds and cram in some learnin’.

House of ScaffoldsI don’t belong to a particularly organized English department. There’s no time built into the weekly (or yearly) schedule for collaboration or team-building or whatever, and as of March I don’t actually know the names of everyone who teaches the same subject I do. Meetings are infrequent and informal (although there were snacks last time), and most of the teachers I actually talk to regularly are a door or two in either direction in my hallway.

A few days ago, as I was passing by between classes, I casually asked a colleague how things were going. She was unexpectedly peppy in response.

“Great! We finally got through five paragraph essays!”

“That’s awesome. Were they any good?”

“Well… they weren’t all terrible, and that’s saying something.”

“I haven’t even come back to writing yet this semester. What’s your secret?”

“Secret? Ha – no secret. We just scaffold the $#*% out of it!”

Scaffold of LibertyTwenty years ago, I would have been intimidated by the terminology (the “scaffold,” not the “$#*&%”). I was getting by on enthusiasm and self-delusion and if I’d slowed down to think about anything too clearly, I’d have been Wile E. Coyote just after running off the cliff – he didn’t plummet until he looked down.

Ten years ago, I would have understood it, but been a bit dismissive. I had different kids then, and while I’d dramatically improved my grasp of pedagogy and child development, my students generally arrived with enough basic skills that my primary challenge was to engage and motivate so we could push towards greatness, not rehash the basics of playing school.

I genuinely love my little darlings this year, some because I choose to and others because I just can’t help it once I get to know them. Winning them over is still part of the equation – not for my benefit, but because it’s the only way most of them are likely to learn anything “academic” while in my care. I’ve learned not to make any assumptions about what they already know or what they can do – not because they’re “stupid” (they’re not), but because they’re such an unpredictable mix of ignorance and ability. They can definitely learn. They can even learn to enjoy learning. Their tolerance for challenge is low, however, and their frustration palpable at the slightest speedbump.

I can lament the loss of rose-colored “good ol’ days,” or I can put on my big-teacher panties and adjust based on the students in front of me and what they need if they’re to have any chance of moving forward. It just requires a different approach – one I’m finally mastering after 20+ years in the classroom.

We scaffold the $#*& out of it.

Scaffold Map

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Cursive, Foiled Again! (Repost)

NOTE: This post originally ran in February 2016. I came across it recently and thought I’d give it another spin.

Joy Cursive

A few weeks ago, State Superintendent of Public Instruction Joy Hofmeister tweeted something about cursive being part of the revised ELA standards. Being me, I responded semi-snarkily about Morse code or quill pens or such. It was friendly, but I was oddly annoyed in a way I wasn’t quite ready to confess.

Joy being Joy, her response was diplomatic and included links to relevant research. In the exchange, I also somehow managed to antagonize a number of dyslexia advocates (er… they’re not advocating FOR dyslexia – you know what I mean), so… I let it go. 

Conflict wasn’t my goal, for once. I like Joy, and some of my best friends are, um… dyslexic, I guess. 

But… why did I even care? What was up with that? And then I remembered. All of it.   

I graduated from high school in 1985 completely unprepared for the academic and personal expectations of a legitimate university. I was ‘smart’ enough, but immature and underexposed to challenge. My high school’s “Honors” program was mostly a few pull-out sessions a week in which we did brain teasers and ‘leadership skills.’ I wasn’t exposed to anything like AP or IB until I was actually teaching, many years later. 

I dropped out of the University of Tulsa after five semesters, having failed a number of classes and lost most of my academic and other scholarships for lack of… doing much. 

It was over a decade before I went back. By that time I was married (which wasn’t going particularly well), had two small children, and had realized that neither my band nor my job were going to make me rich, famous, or fulfilled. In short, my life kinda sucked.

In the midst of this madness, my then-wife said something for which I am still thankful all these years later. “You should consider teaching. You’re already full of ****, so most people love you, and you tell a pretty good story as long as it doesn’t have to be accurate or appropriate. Why don’t you teach history?”

I didn’t have any better ideas, and what better way to offset my own bad choices and misery than bringing down as many others as possible? Ruining young lives, 153 at a time!

Best decision of my life. 

Still working almost full time, taking out ridiculous loans I could never repay, two small children at home with a decent mother but unhappy spouse, I returned to school.  

Initially, I was rather… discouraged by the caliber of people on the introductory education path. Dear god, no wonder schools were in such trouble. What was I doing?

Over time, however, those initial masses were culled a bit and things weren’t so awful. I hated the theory and the touchy-feely stuff, but I loved the history – despite those classes being particularly difficult for me. I knew so little about… anything. 

Two and a half years of full-time school, work, kids, rocky marriage, no money, smothering in-laws, and personal dysfunction. There were some great individuals and good moments, but I messed up more than I didn’t. I was slightly above average academically, but a train wreck at life skills and direction.

And yet, I made it. 

I graduated with a respectable GPA, given how I’d begun all those years before. I met the best people and earned the right honors, and was becoming potentially useful to the universe. 

Time to take the state test. The big, scary, ‘teacher certification’ exam.

Everything from this point forward is colored by emotional memory. For those of you who are facty thinkers, please understand that for some of us, REALITY is a series of EXPERIENCES which may or may not exactly correspond with purely objective recall. 

I can’t swear to the details, but I am certain as to the version forever burned into my psyche.

The test back then was big and comprehensive and scary. I remember trying to study from Oklahoma History textbooks while glazing over in disinterest, and cramming on World Cultures and Economics about which I still knew next-to-nothing, barring a few interesting centuries in Europe and how to effectively juggle overdraft fees.

As to the pedagogy and touchy-feely, well… I’d just have to fake it as best I could. As my first wife had suggested, I was fairly gifted at being “full of ****.” 

I arrived at the testing center nervous, but ready to dive in. I remember a locker for my personal belongings, and some guidelines I had to read. Then came the clipboard.

“Read and copy the following certification of something or other IN YOUR OWN HANDWRITING and sign and date at the bottom.” I hadn’t planned on this – a long list of formalities I’d have to copy in a foreign script before I’d even be allowed to begin the actual test. 

The timed test. The one determining if the past two-and-a-half years of my life had been worth it. The one potentially ruining everything. The one I was already worried about, despite weeks of stressful preparation. The one for whom the clock was already ticking. 

I hadn’t written in cursive since elementary school. I could read it, but I can listen to others play the piano without being able to reproduce the process. I’d printed – efficiently – throughout high school, retail, and college. I’d long-since stopped even thinking about it.  

I walked nervously to the desk and asked the lady… see, I don’t… could I…? 

No. Those were the rules. That was the system. 

So I started laboriously trying to copy this… this… required certification. In my memory it’s easily a page long, but I don’t know how technically true that was. 

I do know that at 30 years of age, with two kids at home and a wife who didn’t like me much but who’d devoted two-and-a-half years to getting me through school, after leaving a good-paying job (which, granted, I hated), I was shaking. The frustration, and helplessness, and anger, and… how stupid I felt. 

SO stupid. What was I thinking – that I was going to change the world? I couldn’t even copy the $%@&ing certification. Angry stupid. Impotent stupid. It overrode rational thought. 

Twenty years later, I’ve handled worse without it killing me. It seems melodramatic in retrospect. But at the time, it felt like the worst thing that had ever happened to me. It took me forever to get through, and I don’t even remember the rest of the day or the actual testing. 

I was telling my (new, hopefully permanent) wife about this after the Twitter exchange referenced above, and the emotions from that day ambushed me, rather unfairly. I nearly lost my suave – weird, given that I hadn’t thought much about it in the nearly twenty years since. 

There’s a lesson here about assessment and whether we’re actually measuring what we claim – no one warned me that working with teenagers hinged on my ability to write cursive under pressure. 

There’s probably a ‘grit’ lesson of some sort as well – I mean, I finally copied the damn thing in some butchered version and took the actual certification tests. I even passed – to the chagrin of my poor students each year. 

Mostly, though, it’s just a horrible memory that still stirs up things I don’t like to think about and feelings I don’t like to feel – helpless, stupid, angry things which I try to channel a bit more productively these days. 

None of which Joy Hofmeister could possibly know, and for which she can certainly not be held responsible. She wasn’t Superintendent then – she probably wasn’t even through high school yet.  

So… sorry I was snippy. Hope I hid it well. I promise, though, that I won’t argue about cursive anymore. It turns out I have a few lingering… issues on that subject. 

Not that anyone could ever tell.

What IS An ‘Academic’ or ‘Historical’ Argument? (And What Is It NOT?)

There are essentially THREE types of writing we’re likely to do in school. I realize I’ve just dared purists out there to shake their little mechanical pencils at me and explain how really there are 17 distinct types of writing not counting Haiku or whatever, but I teach 9th Grade. So there are three.

Narrative Writing

Narrative Writing essentially tells a story. It can be real or imagined, or some combination of the two. It usually starts at the beginning, moves through the middle, and ends at the end. Most popular fiction is in narrative form, as are most movies. ‘History’ history books (U.S. History, Texas History, European History, etc.) tend to structure themselves as narratives. If I cared what you did over your summer vacation (I don’t), you’d tell me in narrative form as well.

There’s nothing wrong with a good narrative, but that’s not the kind of writing we’re working on right now.

Informational / Explanatory

Informative / Explanatory Writing is any type of writing which takes a collection of related, but often complicated, information and tries to organize and present it so that it makes sense. Most Biology textbooks don’t begin with “Once upon a time, there was a lonely protozoa in a pool of primordial ooze. One day, he decided he was bored and that it was time to split – literally…” They may begin with the foundations of biology, or why we study biology, or share a bit about the first people to demonstrate an interest in this particular science, etc., but it’s not chronological. Different books on the same subject may organize the same basic information in different ways and it still works. Math books, American Government books, or anything “For Dummies” are Informative/Explanatory.

When I have students do Quick-Writes, they’re usually informative/explanatory. That’s not the kind we’re talking about right now, however. That leaves…

Argumentative Writing

Argumentative Writing attemps to use facts and reason to support a point or an interpretation. It’s all logical and stuff.

But “argument” is a loaded word for many of our students. It’s what happens when a friend is mad at them, or when their boyfriend is about to break up with them. It’s what Mom & Dad do after they think you’re asleep – especially when Dad’s been ‘doing it’ again. It’s the entire plot of many “Reality TV” shows.

But in an academic context, argument isn’t a bad thing at all. In fact, it’s crazy beneficial. It’s how science is supposed to work – great minds doing research and writing papers primarily so other great minds can criticize and question everything about them and explain why they’re flawed or incomplete. It’s our preferred format for difficult legal questions, whether determining the constitutionality of a company policy or trying to figure out if you actually stole that car before or after the body was stuffed in the trunk.

And it’s how history and its interpretation(s) get sorted out. It’s why there can be a dozen different explanations for the Salem Witch Trials or Pickett’s Charge although the sum total of primary source material hasn’t changed drastically. Historians major and minor wrestle with the available information and argue their viewpoints using proof and reason (well, that’s how it’s supposed to work, anyway). Over time, concensus often emerges. If not, the process continues.

Argument Is Not...

Unlike scientists or politicians, historians are pure and without bias, seeking only the truth. We’re practically HOLY.

Effective Argument

When I tell students that ‘winning’ is not generally the goal of academic argument, they are understandably suspicious. This DOES sound a little too much like that “everyone’s special in their own way” and “no set of beliefs is any more or less workable or useful or true than any other random set of beliefs” feel-good tripe with which they’ve been harangued since birth – and which they can repeat back more easily than believe.

But it’s not meant in a touchy-feely way. A weak or stupid argument is still weak or stupid. An unsupported claim is still unsupported and will receive the belittling and hostility it deserves.

In academic argument, however, it is through analytical argument that we broaden our understanding of people, events, or issues. Take a look at this cartoon:

POV Cartoon

I like this cartoon by way of example because the facts are not in question. The girl in the bikini KNOWS she’s in a bikini, and the girl in the burqa KNOWS she’s in a burqa. Where they differ is in what to make of the available information. They disagree as to interpretation, and importance, of what they know.

Bikini Girl could certainly make an argument for her assertion regarding Burqa Girl’s culture. She could use logic and reason and bring in other information to support her case. Burqa Girl could do the same for her stand regarding Bikini Girl’s culture. Formulating each argument would help to clarify and strengthen the thinking of each, and might even expose weaknesses in their thinking just by going through the process.

But you know what would REALLY hone each argument? If they went to get coffee and discussed it – NOT simply to coddle one another and be all accepting, but to rationally and with open minds probe and argue and question and challenge one another’s assertions and interpretations. Neither may leave persuaded, but they may find their interpretations modified and their understanding broadened. A Venti of learning goodness, extra mocha.

That’s just an example, of course – I don’t really want it to HAPPEN in this case. I LIKE living in a cruel, male-dominated culture. Your outfit’s fine, honey. Don’t let anyone else, er… “oppress” you by telling you otherwise. You’re actually, um… proving your INDEPENDENCE by dressing that way. Shake it, modern girl, shake it.

You may remember this classic from Monty Python’s Flying Circus:

Hopefully it goes without saying that the customer was correct – that was NOT an argument. But at least that sketch was intended to be funny. This was intended to be policy analysis:

What was the subject? The main points? Anything?

None of these three panelists are stupid, although you wouldn’t know that from this clip. It’s getting increasingly difficult to distinguish policy discussions from reality TV. For example, this tense moment from the first Trump / Clinton Presidential Debate:

Perhaps it would be better to begin with written arguments, since that is after all the skill towards which we’re building.

Also, there’s less slapping.

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Writing With Brownies In A Box

TypingIf you ever want to have real fun, start talking about the ‘correct’ way to teach writing with any group of teachers. For serious fireworks, try it with AP History folks after you’ve all had a drink or two. Better you stick with safer, less provocative topics like abortion, religion, or the validity of comic books and superhero movies as cultural touchstones.

There are many good ways to write a decent argumentative (historical) essay, but even more ways to write a bad one. If there were only one ‘right’ way, we’d all teach it that way, students would all write them that way, and they’d all get 5’s on their AP exams and A’s on our semester tests. Wouldn’t that be swell?

But it’s not that straightforward. There are too many different types of prompts about too many different subjects, and often a wide range of possible approaches to even the most straightforward of the lot. Writing in the Histories (or the ‘social sciences,’ if you prefer) is a booger because really, you can’t boil it down to a set of steps or rules likely to apply in every situation for every prompt. On the other hand, many students need structure and some modeling in order to begin learning a new skill – especially one as potentially intimidating as outlining a historical essay.

Writing Argument

Here are some ways to approach historical writing – in this case, the ‘Argumentative Essay’. If you’re uncomfortable with so much structure and worried about students thinking they must eternally cram whatever they have to say into the same Jello mold, you’re absolutely right to worry. On the other hand, if you genuinely believe that with little guidance and armed with sufficient content knowledged, students need only be pointed the right direction and set free to wax convincing, you’re – what’s the word? oh, yes – delusional.

Just kidding. You may simply be overly idealistic. After all, you DID become a teacher.

Writing Bridge

So let’s talk about making brownies.

Few baked items in this mortal life are as tasty or straightforward as brownies. They’re one of the first things you learn to make as a child if you’re lucky enough to have an Easy-Bake Oven, or a mom. They’re just right for any social event which requires something nicer than store-bought cookies, but less labor-intensive than, say, homemade pie.

For anyone who bakes regularly, you don’t really even need to get overly hung up on specific instructions – if you can remember four or five basic ingredients, and know what ‘brownies’ are, you can make them at will. Heck, you can vary them endlessly with only minor adjustments – add walnuts, for example, or icing. OMG – mint!

Making Brownies

Unfortunately, not all of us are born with this skill, nor have we had occasion to develop it. When I try to just kinda… ‘bake’, it rarely turns out well. Kitchen Mess

Thanks to Adam Smith and a little greed, however, there are solutions:

Brownie Mix

What hath God baked?

Let’s zoom in on those instructions on the back of the box. Notice…

Brownie Instructions

They don’t MERELY tell me I’ll need two eggs. Just in case that’s a bit vague or unclear, THEY’VE INCLUDED A DRAWING OF TWO EGGS. Measurements for water and vegetable oil are similarly illustrated. When it’s time to preheat the oven, there’s a picture of the dial on the correct temperature. And when it’s done, both a VISUAL and TEXT warning that when something’s been in the oven for 20 minutes at 350° IT WILL BE HOT.

That’s how little they assume I’ll figure out on my own.

Is it insulting? Perhaps? Entirely necessary? Maybe not. But I can make brownies this way. Every Almost every time. They’re not original, amazing, or demonstrative of deeper baking – but they’re consistently pretty decent. That’s because I’ve followed instructions proven to work with the contents of most boxes like this one.

Sometimes I even add those walnuts I mentioned – WITHOUT EVEN ASKING PERMISSION. I’m a wild man in the kitchen, it seems. Gordon Ramsey, kiss my icing!

But… there IS one tiny little shortcoming to this system:

Not The Brownies

Sometimes I’m asked to make something other than brownies. Sometimes I’d prefer muffins, or cake, or even bagels. I can pour brownie mix into my muffin pan, and the results may be edible, but they’re not muffins. I can shape them like bagels or make several and pour it all into a cake pan, but the results are definitely not bagels or cake. I even tried adding candles and extra candy sprinkles.

It was just gross.

And yet, many of the same principles and ingredients I use to make brownies – even from a box – are in play when making muffins or other baked goods. The more things I learn to bake, the easier it is to vary them based on circumstances, need, or even my personal preferences. Ideally, then, even as I’m first learning to follow the steps demanded by Betty Crocker and her short-sighted, restrictive ilk, I notice certain patterns and common practices and the roles of various ingredients.

If I’m in a really good school kitchen, maybe someone who’s proficient at baking explains along the way why you add salt to chocolate chip cookies but not chocolate chip muffins, or prompts me to speculate why different temperatures would be required at different altitudes.

Summer DessertsEventually I can move from instructions on the box to recipes for which I gather the ingredients myself. Over time, who knows? Maybe I can go all crazy and try something on my own, based on what I’ve learned. If it works, great! If not, I’ll evaluate what went wrong – ask for help if necessary – and try again with adjustments.

If my goal is a gig in the kitchen at Merritt’s, my ability to follow the directions on the brownie box won’t cut it. If serious baking is in my future, I’m going to have to do better.

But when I’m 12, or just not that into baking, there’s no shame in structure. In fact, any confectionery chef who discovers I’m using the box and throws a horrified fit because that’s NOT how one CULINATES, just comes across as a snob and a bit of an ass. On the other hand, the cakemaster who lends a hand, begins offering insights and tips and helps me build my skills and understanding, well…

I think I just let a tiny bit of my middle school teacher defensiveness show through on that segment of the analogy. My bad.

As I lead my darlings through the basics of writing a historical (argumentative) thesis, we speak of ‘defaults’ and ‘tools’. Because I actually communicate with the English Department, I can refer regularly to what my students have been told in that OTHER writing class, and explain which parts are similar and which are different – and why. (It’s like we’re all wanting the same overall success for our kids – is that even allowed?) We discuss how Calibri 11 with one inch margins and 8.5″ x 11″ paper with ‘portrait’ orientation works as a ‘default’ pretty well for so many different situations, but how easy they are to change as necessary – and how that’s like the structure we’re going to use for writing. 

They’re tools, not rules. Structure, not stricture. Sometimes fences set us free, baby. Kites soar highest when someone’s holding the string. Fly-iy-iy, Freebird… (guitar solo).

Gymnastics Scaffolding

You practice various plays the way they’re drawn up, but come game time the ‘right’ place is to wherever the ball happens to be – NOT where the whiteboard says it was supposed to go. You march and play based on the tempo the Drum Major is actually directing and line up with your actual lines rather than the hashtags on the field. You catch the girl underneath wherever her flip takes her – you don’t let her hit the mat while your arms are locked in the exact spot they were in practice only a few hours ago. You write to the prompt you have, not the prompt you wish you’d been given.

None of which invalidates running the drills or practicing with the marked locations. It’s all about scaffolding and tools and learning and getting better – just like everything else in school is supposed to be. Zone of Proximal Development, baby – keep the harness on until they can do the flip without breaking their neck. Er… metaphorically speaking. It’s not so very difficult to make sure they understand the goal is for the harnesses, the limits which help give you structure, to come off. Soon.

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Write, Forrest! Write! 

I realize I get carried away on this one, but the important thing is to recognize that young writers need structure just to move forward. At the same time, we must continuously insist that structure is temporary, and not the goal. The goal is whatever’s required by the prompt – brownies, muffins, cake, or lasagna.

Now we need to talk about what exactly we mean by ‘Historical Argument’…

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