As the kerfuffle surrounding Oklahoma’s sudden desire to de-thinkerize APUSH started making headlines this past week, NPR made a visit to the classroom of Christine Custred of Edmond, OK. The audio and transcript of the resulting piece is worth a listen and a read if you haven’t already done so.
One of the central issues, of course, is the belief by some on the right that the new APUSH course outline doesn’t sufficiently emphasize American Exceptionalism – the belief we are unique and awesome in ways others can only long for. Everyone wants to either be us or blow us up – either way, must be because we’re awesome.
Custred managed one of my favorite understated rebuffs of this century when she slid in this bit:
In most places in the world, you’ll be hauled off by some kind of Gestapo if you criticize the country and/or government, and that is exceptional that we can do that.
A few days later, still apparently fuming over state efforts to make our kids LESS prepared to function outside the Dollar General or local feed store, she posted this to her Facebook page. It is reprinted with permission here.
TOP TEN REASONS AMERICA IS EXCEPTIONAL
1. Separation of church and state. Our Founding Fathers ensured this for us. A cursory knowledge of history and current world governments (and the Puritans) enlightens us to why this us so very important.
2. The Zenger trial led the way for the 1st amendment which allows Americans to safely criticize their government.
3. As a result of our free speech, history teachers can teach all of American History (the good, the bad, and the ugly). Try doing that in North Korea. Wait, don’t.
4. America educates all of its citizens. Simply AMAZING.
5. America has a very sad and tragic history with regard to civil rights and the mistreatment of ethnic and racial minorities. But because of our 1st amendment (again, thank you Founding Fathers) demonstrations and criticism led to significant changes. We still have gains to make on this front but we now have an African American president. Really think about that.
6. Students in America will learn about that sad and tragic history.
7. There is a shop that sells cupcakes across the street from my school. They haven’t gone out of business. It seems crazy that someone would pay $4.00 for a cupcake. You go free market and the American Dream.
8. Anthropologie
9. My daughters can go to school without fear of being shot in the face. They can achieve and aim for things that would never have been available to them 100 years ago or currently in many countries of the world. The same goes for your daughters.
10. An average girl from the great state of Minnesota, who was told by her high school counselor that a community college was her only option (remember that Thomas Legierski and Marie Legierski?) can become an advocate for education.
Feel free to share your lists as well, if you prefer. Personally, I’m having a hard time topping this one.
Before I go off on my trademark character assassination and sarcastic diatribes regarding pending legislation in the hallowed halls of the Oklahoma legislature, I thought it might be helpful to bring the non-history teacher-types up to speed on just what the fuss is about.
Unlike the easy accessibility of Sally Kern’s “Use Shock Therapy on Gay Teens” bill or our state guidelines for which angry white men we’ll send to the new Constitutional Convention to rewrite that sorry remnant of darker times (because our current leaders are SO much smarter than the Framers and besides what could possibly go wrong?), contention over something as specific as an AP curriculum can be a bit bewildering for those not walking daily in that world.
What exactly IS the kerfuffle with the ‘new’ College Board Advanced Placement U.S. History (APUSH) course and exam?
The short version is that the College Board decided a few years ago to move away from a ‘Know Way Way Lots of Stuff and be Able to Apply that Knowledge Effectively’ model to a ‘Know Lots of Stuff and Learn to Think About it from Different Perspectives AND Apply that Knowledge Effectively’ model in APUSH. They wanted to give AP teachers and students the opportunity to ‘go deep’ and practice analytical thinking without being limited by the overarching need to memorize every fact ever.
The shift was not without detractors; history teachers (especially those AP-types) love to argue and hand-wring and bluster about what’s truly important and what should be assessed and how and OMG I’ll have to revise a few of my lesson plans.
I work and socialize with quite a few AP-types, most of whom are smarter and cooler than me. After a drink or seven, many would admit that if it were up to them, they’d tweak this part or refocus on that other thing or whatever. I feel the same way about pretty much every PLC data-goal or family vacation plan I’ve ever been a part of shaping. That’s the nature of anything designed for such a variety of teachers in such a wide range of circumstances – you won’t entirely please everyone.
But none of the ones I’ve spoken with HATE IT. None of them find it un-American or insufficiently rigorous. Yes, some of my friends and colleagues are – for all practical purposes – godless Socialists, but others are surprisingly conservative. They teach the course, they labor over their students’ successes and failures in class and on the exams, and many travel the country training and listening to other APUSH teachers’ opinions and concerns as well.
Even if they DID hate it, it would perfectly appropriate for them to say so, because they have what we in the education world like to call “some f*cking clue what’s going on.” They have a right to whatever opinions they choose because they have credibility. Legitimacy. They’re involved in the process and impacted by the results. They’re the ones actually doing the ‘do’.
Texas, a few months ago, decided the new framework was insufficiently patriotic. The idea that there might be other interpretations or other points of view when it comes to Manifest Destiny, interventions in other nations, internal social or political movements, or whatever, seemed blatantly un-American to some. More flag-waving and less thinking was demanded. Or else.
And to be fair, we do have a tendency when running from one extreme to embrace the opposite error. There’s no need to teach American history as a series of travesties and genocides based on hypocritical ideals just to offset a little red, white, and blue truthiness. Surely there’s a balance, yes?
But that’s the rub, isn’t it? It’s impossible to teach entirely neutral history. The range of facts and information is too broad to include EVERYTHING ever, and even if we could, a string of people and events completely free of narrative is both pointless and impossible to remember. Every teacher in every subject makes choices about what to cover and how to cover it, while trying to be as balanced and aware of our own biases as possible.
It’s amusing to think there’s a genuine fear that the same kid I can’t CONVINCE to keep an agenda or that there’s value in learning to paraphrase might become unwittingly locked into a lifetime of twisted socio-political dogma based on which Jefferson quotes I selected for a quiz.
But I digress.
The point is that no matter what the curriculum includes, there will be MORE it does NOT.
History teachers deal with this all the time, at every level. One of the science teachers in my building REVELS in asking his kids where Geronimo is buried, or about the Pioneer Woman statue, or Reba McEntire, or that one time in 1973 the governor did that one crazy thing. They have no idea, and he accosts me a few times a week about what we’re teaching in Oklahoma History if we’re not including Geronimo & Co.
History is the story of everything that’s ever happened anywhere ever, and why, and how it all fits together in every possible direction and combination. So, yeah – we make judgment calls. We’re usually wrong.
How many books do you currently own and fully intend to read because you absolutely must and really want to? How often are you casually quizzed regarding a movie or TV show only to be assailed by some form of “OMG! I can’t believe you haven’t SEEN ______________!?! I thought EVERYONE-how-could-you-not-do-this-one-drop-everything-now-why-do-you-hate-America?!?
And you already know how to read books and watch TV. What if you had to be helped to read or watch each one meaningfully along the way? It might take a while. Some might not get covered. Hopefully, however, you’d end up with the tools and background knowledge to eventually watch or read most anything without my still being there explaining as we go. You may even choose different books and shows to watch, or interpret them in ways other than I do.
THAT’s what we call “hating America”. That’s what Texas, and now Oklahoma, want to protect you from. Senator Brecheen and Representative Fisher want to legislate a list of documents which must be covered above all else because they’re the MOST American documents. The BEST American documents, presumably.
And there’s a butt-load of them.
The problem isn’t anything ON the lists; it’s the pre-printing press focus on rote regurgitation of sacred texts, as if we’re not in this to awaken students or create informed citizens, but to indoctrinate followers. The punishments for straying – for violating the tenets of the sacred texts – are the same punishments as always. They’ll pull even more of our funding. Being a teacher in Oklahoma is like being the girlfriend of a low level mobster – you get slapped around and their answer to everything is to cut your meager allowance, then you’re always in trouble for not looking prettier and happier.
I’ll carry on about the specifics of the bills and the credibility of those involved soon. Let me leave you with just a tiny little preview of how much fun it could be:
There’s a kerfuffle going on in Texas (again) and Colorado (huh?) regarding the level of flag-waving patriotism in history textbooks and curriculums, including APUSH. The short version is this:
The Patriotic Upstanding Americans are upset that these damned liberal touchy-feely freedom-haters twist everything to make it look like all the U.S. has ever done is exploit and enslave everyone. Every new textbook will be titled “Why the Terrorists are Right” or “Let’s Get High and Have Lots of Gay Sex.” The Patriots would like more emphasis on the undeniable accomplishments of U.S. History. American schools should be shaping good American citizens, not future leaders of North Korea.
And in their defense, it does sometimes seem like political correctness requires back-writing a level of cultural and philosophical pluralism that just wasn’t always there. However multicultural we’d like to be, it’s hard to give equal time to the contributions of Islamic Puerto Rican Handicapable Vegans to the Second Industrial Revolution. Early American History requires some understanding of Protestantism, and Capitalism – both of which were woven into lots of important lives and ideas. Let’s not run from that.
The Modern Liberal Academics are upset that these flag-waving right-wing extremists want to whitewash American history to feed their predetermined paradigm of American Exceptionalism. There’s something Orwellian (or at least Valdimir Putinian) about euphemizing (or simply ignoring) travesties like slavery, genocide, and Woodrow Wilson. The Academics would like more emphasis on effective questioning and understanding multiple points of view. American schools should be shaping good world citizens ready to confront things of which we cannot yet conceive, not drones painted red, white, and blue.
And in their defense, they’re right.
Every curriculum, every textbook, every teacher in every class makes judgments (consciously or not) about what’s important and what it means. We can try to reduce that bias, but if I assign Shakespeare instead of Marlowe, I’m making a judgment. If I choose eight Supreme Court cases through which to explore the judicial process, I’m suggesting some big issues are more important than others. It’s just how it is.
We can’t teach everything. Heck, many days we’re not sure we can teach the basics. Decisions have to be made, and some conflict is appropriate.
But this goes beyond that.
This is about choosing narratives. Choosing the guiding stories for what we teach and how we teach it. That’s a debate worth having. There are infinite possible ways to frame our history, most well beyond my pay grade or blogging ability.
So I’ll talk about Superman.
The Man of Steel was for generations the prototypical American icon. He had pretty much all powers – strength, speed, flying, moral fiber, good hair… he even managed to go back in time once or twice. Yeah, there was kryptonite, but that’s not even a flaw – it’s a weakness to something so rare as to be almost impossible to wield.
Superman was perfect.
The version I grew up with was part of the Superfriends on Saturday morning cartoons. He worked with Batman and Wonder Woman and some zany space teens with a monkey. I watched the show, but I never ‘got’ Superman. I was never a big fan of Batman, either. I mean, sure, he’s dark and tormented, but he’s also bursting with wealth, intelligence, training, intimidation, and bringing on the suave. I’ve only got, like THREE of those things – so kinda hard to relate, you know?
I liked Aquaman.
Sure, they played him up like an equal on the show, but let’s face it – the man breathes underwater and coordinates fish. Years later they gave him a hook and some sharks and stuff, but that’s not the guy I connected with. The guy I connected with was almost absurd in his uselessness 99% of the time. He dressed badly and had no business hanging with that Hawk-Fellow or the Green Lantern, let alone the Last Son of Krypton.
Thing is, if you needed someone to go way, way underwater – hot OR cold – or talk to fish VERY persuasively, Arthur Curry was your man. Supes could run like Flash, fly like – well, everyone, see through things or melt them with his eyes – but he couldn’t convince fish to be useful on his BEST DAY. Neither could Batman with all his gadgets and pale young wards.
Aquaman may not have been good for much, but he filled an absolutely unique and essential role. Trying to make him more than that diminishes him in the worst well-intentioned way.
Marvel caught on long before DC that flawed heroes were essential for connecting to readers, a mindset reflected in subsequent movies. Spiderman, X-Men, even Guardians of the Galaxy – we connect with them not because they shoot ice out of their palms or use a nuclear heart to fly around in a metal suit, but because they’re people. Messy ones, even.
Some are rather loveable, some you wouldn’t let your daughter date, and some are quite loathsome much of the time. The best of them do foolish, selfish, or stupid things, and the worst win your affection sporadically until they go back to being naughty. They interact in unexpected ways, and they learn and grow and try and fail and sometimes they’re awesome. Inspirational.
We learn about them, and ourselves, and we think big interesting thoughts as a result. That’s the whole point.
Why can we not allow Thomas Jefferson the same intellectual and moral complexity we accept in Mystique? Why accommodate a Batman who does dark twisted things so soccer moms feel safe but insist on ‘hero’ or ‘villain’ labels for Andrew Jackson or Malcolm X? Can we not accept that real people – who lived monumental lives and did big stuff – might be at least as unpredictable as Magneto or Malcolm Reynolds?
My students can be a bit dense, but they’re not stupid. They’ll willingly regurgitate whatever they’ve been told regarding George Washington or Martin Luther King, Jr., but they don’t really believe in the Superman version of either of them. Trying to deify any of our American pantheon just breeds even further contempt for whatever lessons we attach or slogans we recite.
You can’t narrow the gap between young people and American ideals by doing a better job bullsh*tting them.
In the same way that the people around you are so much more meaningful, useful, interesting, when they allow you to see something beyond the façade… in the same way heroes are far more heroic when you know what a mess they are, but they keep trying to do the right thing anyway… our history, our icons, our story resonates far more – not less – when we do our best to lay it all out there as whatever it is.
We’ve done some great things which should not be downplayed or ignored based on the bad parts. We’ve committed atrocities which should not be marginalized based on the lofty rhetoric employed while committing them. America is supposedly of-the-by-the-for-the people – and people are messy.
Teach it like it happened, as best we can. Our kids will get it. If we do it right, those ideals will resonate with them far more powerfully as a result.