I don’t really DO positive feely touching-the-soul kinda stuff here, or in my class, or ever. The twin pits of Cliche and Platitude too often loom on either side while the broken glass of Forced Sentiment gets stuck between my toes.
BUT THAT’S NOT WHAT’S HAPPENING HERE. Instead, some fab teacher (who nevertheless seems to have avoided having her own Twitter account?!) has stumbled onto a simple way to unlock genuine, powerful, peer affirmation. Gonzalez gives us the overview, includes an amazing video and a brief interview with the teacher in question.
I sorta lost it. Lots of blurry vision and snot. Kinda ruined my second Pop Tart. Probably more issues in play than how much I loved this piece, but still – you should absolutely check this out. Because… IT’S WHY.
Follow @cultofpedagogy on the Twittering for more learnified goodness. You won’t regret it.
Peterson has that ability to be genuine and introspective while still sharing in a way that makes what she writes applicable and stirring for the rest of us. And math.
Follow @RebeckaMozdeh on the Twittering and get stirred while discovering several more “good things.”
Here she targets the same old-school advertising strategy used to sell mouthwash and hamburgers, and the way it’s employed to disparage public schooling and feed for-profit charters and their ilk.
Plus, she writes with such style. She could be explaining rotary dial phones to me and I’d be fine.
Follow @AliMCollins on the Twittering and see what other shenanigans she disembowels with such ease.
Mom has a few things on her mind, the biggest of which are #OKElections16. She remembers a time when teachers weren’t involved, education wasn’t valued or even attempting to be equitable, and she’d like to see us keep what momentum we have going in the right direction.
Also, she’s adorable. Sorry, Rick – she just is.
Follow @OKEducation on the Twittering and talk more about his m-
Actually, scratch that. Do follow him, but be careful how you bring up someone’s mom. I mean, that’s just good general advice, right? #oklaed
And finally, a series from a man not known for his fuzzy warmth or perpetual unicorns & rainbows mirth.
Peter Greene, of Curmudgucation, has committed himself to “refreshing his resolve.” The resulting series of posts should be collected and cross-stitched into little hanging something-or-others for the walls of every educator.
Maybe with a background picture of a hand flinging a starfish or two back into the ocean.
Despite my snarky comments – probably a subconscious attempt to emotionally distance myself from so much legitimately stirring and emotional brilliance packed into one wrap-up – they really are that good. I have no idea whether there will be more, but you should take a few minutes and check out the series so far.
And, I mean, if you DO cross-stitch, for real, maybe send me one or two to hang…?
I’m so proud of you, my #11FF – in your classrooms, your offices, and exercising your wild-eyed suffrage. Because we choose to believe. Because reality just hasn’t caught up yet with what we see and know.
This video is largely autobiographical for me, despite the fact I had nothing to do with its creation.
I know some of you have already started, and some of you have a week or two to go, but we reported back this week. Kids come Monday.
Thank god.
In honor of back-to-school, this week’s edu-blog wrap-up includes not only fresh bursts of brilliance but a few highlights from past eons which seriously deserve to be read again.
Then again. And again after that. You get the idea.
Here are a few things you ABSOLUTELY SHOULD NOT MISS IN EDU-BLOGGERY from this past week (give or take two years):
In this post, simple truth is once again wrapped up in the perfect analogy and served in a mildly pithy relish.
Follow Rob on the Twitters at @edgeblogger and get pithed on regularly. #oklaed
Use Your Arms! – You never know what’s coming next from Sherri Spelic, on Edified Listener. Sometimes things go deep – way deep – as she wrestles with issues of race, respect, or social media relationships. Other times, she lays out classroom realities in ways which seem so obvious in retrospect, but which are so welcome and exactly what you needed to hear.
This is one of the latter.
It doesn’t hurt that it kinda goes with the Olympics theme, although that wasn’t my primary motivation. Unless that makes me look clever, and maybe organized – in that case, it was totally my primary motivation all along.
Horn is too smart to write this clearly and persuasively – I love that about her. She’s able to remind us to pay attention to the ‘treaties’ we’re negotiating in our rooms, but she does so alongside us and not from above.
Negotiate with @ilana_horn on the Twitters and get all wise and reflective up in there.
If you’re like most of us, you will have days you’re pretty sure someone made a horrible decision letting you slip through the system. Other days, a meteor shower would be a welcome form of mercy-killing. But are you really a sucky loser teacher failure? Take this simple quiz and find out!
Assuming you don’t change professions as a result, follow @MrTomRad and verify that he’s not a terrible tweeter.
Calling All First Year Teachers!– I generally avoid “advice for new teachers” posts because by this point in the year they’re so supersaturated with the wisdom of others that it just seems cruel to pile on more.
The thing is, Meghan Loyd of For The Love shares it with such sunshine and unicorns that it makes you warm inside just having it pulled up on the screen, whether you’re reading it or not. Heck, you don’t even have to be in the same room to bask in her energy some days.
She’s that good.
And in case you’re wondering, you’re allowed to read it even if you’re not a first year teacher. Encouraged to, actually.
Follow @meghanloyd on the Twitters or you probably suck as a person. #oklaed
An Educated Person – Peter Greene, on Curmudgucation, addresses a question he’s tired of hearing… “Don’t you think there are things every educated person should know?” The result is one of the best blog posts by anyone on any topic ever, and which I also happen to really enjoy and like and treasure and value.
New educator or no, take a moment and read this one (again, if applicable). Whatever else wears on us this year, let’s make sure it’s NOT worrying about getting through someone’s $#%& LIST.
Get through @palan57 on the Twitters and buckle up. He has thoughts and opinions sometimes.
FINALLY AND FOREMOST…
There are THIRTEEN #OKElections16 Primary Runoffs this Tuesday, August 23rd. Please please please, if you haven’t already, see if any of them are in your district. Call your friends. Pull in favors. Seriously – this is a pretty big deal.
With that in mind, I share this closing ditty in tribute to our favorite foil-hatted demagogue who swears he’s not an elitist racist dillweed – a track I hope I’ll have no use for a week from now.
If you’re, um… if you’re a decent person, just skip this one. Seriously. There’s lots of GOOD music out there for you to enjoy instead.
Be amazing, my darlings. They need you now more than ever before. Don’t let the sheer hopelessness of it all so much as slow you down. I believe in you. #11FF
I’m always surprised what people ask about at conferences or in small group settings. That’s not a criticism, just a reminder that sometimes we don’t know as much as we think we do about what people want, need, or might take an interest in.
I’m often asked about my grading policies and classroom expectations and such. Obviously no single document can capture classroom dynamics, and no set of policies means much without the right relationships and other art-more-than-science stuff. Even if I AM doing something that’s working brilliantly, that doesn’t mean it will work for all teachers with all kids in all situations.
That’s why we haven’t all been replaced by DVDs just yet – there’s too much real-live-people stuff that we’re needed for every day for this whole ‘school’ thing to work.
That being said, I’m more than happy to share my Class Syllabus for the coming year. (Don’t worry, Jenni – this isn’t where I send my kids to get the real syllabus. I corrupt them elsewhere on the interwebs.) I’ve altered a few specifics regarding contact information, the Class Website, etc. – hence the {brackets} here and there.
None of this is an effort to convince you or anyone else to do anything differently. YOU are THE BEST AUTHORITY on what works for YOUR KIDS in YOUR CLASS. Period. I’m just sharing, because… unicorns.
Pre-AP American Government / Oklahoma History (9th Grade) Class Syllabus
{Teacher Name & Contact Info}
Content & Skills Overview
This semester we will cover the origins of American Government, the basics of the U.S. Constitution and its major Amendments, important Supreme Court cases, the general structure of Congress and how it works (or doesn’t, depending on your point of view), and other American Government-y sorts of things. Next semester we’ll jump to the history of our dear state, focusing on those elements that help illuminate U.S. History as a whole or which {your teacher} finds particularly interesting. (Yes, some of it’s interesting.)
Because this is a “Pre-AP” class, we’ll also work on the sorts of skills that might help us survive – or even flourish – in an AP class or in college. The big four are (a) learning to ask good questions, (b) interpreting and analyzing primary sources, both textual and visual, (c) understanding and incorporating secondary sources, including graphs and charts of various sorts, and (d) analyzing, evaluating, synthesizing, and otherwise wrestling with the information we’ve gleaned, then saying or writing something coherent and persuasive about it.
Stuff You’ll Need
* Paper / Pen or Pencil – Seriously, you’re in high school now. Bring your own basic supplies to class.
* A folder or notebook dedicated to this class. I will periodically give you stuff to keep in your History Folder for easy access, forever and ever. From time to time I’ll ask you to show me that you have these things in some easily accessible, coherent order. Figure out what works for you, but keep in mind the general goal is that at a moment’s notice, you can find and access these items without substantial pain and suffering – for you OR for me.
* An agenda or planner of some sort. It is important that you copy our anticipated weekly agenda from the class website each weekend and have it ready to be checked every Monday morning. You may incorporate this into your History Folder (so they’re essentially one thing) or the Agenda may be a separate thing (in which case I strongly encourage you to use it to stay organized in ALL of your classes).
Class Website: {URL}
* You will be required to visit The Class Website regularly in order to copy the anticipated schedule for the upcoming week. Your agendas will be checked each Monday morning. The schedule will be posted no later than lunchtime Friday of the previous week so that students without convenient internet access at home can use the school library or other school computer during lunch or after school in order to fulfill this requirement.
* Generally, everything we do in class will be posted on the Agenda in full – sometimes before we get to it in class, sometimes shortly after. If you lose something, check the Agenda. If you’re absent, check the Agenda. Hopefully you see a pattern here.
* The Agenda is also a good way for parents to keep up with what you’re supposed to be doing, even if you shrug a great deal and act like you’ve never even heard of this class before whenever they ask.
* Pre-AP students will be expected to access the website for periodic class discussions, usually over a book we’re reading for class. The window for such assignments will be sufficient to allow those without convenient internet access at home to make use of computers here at school, at your local library, etc.
* The Class Website is also used for announcements of general interest from time to time, Required Viewing videos, and other things intended to help you keep up with this class. As the name suggests, the Class Website is a website for this class – that’s all it does. That’s why it exists. Everything on it is for you. Try not to act surprised that something on the Class Website is intended for you to access or utilize for this class. It’s… discouraging.
Silent Reading Fridays
Almost every Friday in this class is a silent reading day. Often there will be assigned titles related to the class, but other times you’ll be allowed to choose, as long as your choice meets some very general and easy-to-satisfy requirements (which we’ll cover in class when appropriate). This is NOT a day for catching up on other work or going to other classes to make up quizzes, etc. With very few exceptions, SILENT READING IS SACRED.
Required titles may be procured as you see fit. Barnes & Noble by Woodland Hills Mall has most of what we’ll read set aside behind the check-out counter with my name on them, but you are not required to buy them there. You may purchase them wherever you like, new or used, check them out from the library, download them, borrow them, or whatever – as long as you have them by the required date. E-Readers are fine as long as you use them primarily to read.
I usually have copies available to check out, but not enough for everyone to use. If there are circumstances complicating your ability to secure a copy of a required book, NO WORRIES. I just need an email or phone call from a parental unit asking me to check a copy out to you. This is a logistical necessity to separate “we can’t get this right now” from “I forgot to tell my mom about this but don’t want the mean teacher to scowl at me.” Classroom copies will be checked out on a first come, first serve basis, based on emails / phone calls.
Why All The Reading?
I’ll spare you the research and discussions behind the decision, but the short answer is this: Reading is Good.
The slightly-longer answer is that reading helps us learn stuff, increases our attention span and vocabularies, prepares us for AP and college, and potentially makes life richer and fuller because we’re not quite so shallow and clueless. And yes, *sigh*… it increases test scores as well – for people who care about such things.
Grades & Grading
The current system requires that we boil down everything you do in school to a handful of letters and numbers. It’s a horrifying, stupid way to measure learning, but it’s entrenched and unlikely to change anytime soon. So, if we gotta do it, might as well try to make it meaningful and useful in some way.
How To Pass: Show up. Do your work. Try. Try some more. Ask for help if you get stuck. (You will find this system works for most things.) Generally, it’s difficult to fail this class unless you really want to. Oddly, a number of people each year seem to really want to. I find this bewildering, but… you’re in High School now. With increased power comes increased responsibility.
Your grades will be split into 3 categories of equal weight, even though we may not spend equal time on each one.
Effort / Completion Grades / 30% of Semester Grade – This is the “did it, turned it in” part. While it doesn’t sound like a very high bar—and it’s not—a big chunk of life consists of showing up and doing what you have to do. Whether it’s flipping burgers, filing reports, examining patients, or recording your next album, at some point you have to show up and do something to move forward and/or get paid.
Content Knowledge / 30% of Semester Grade – This measures whether or not you know stuff. Most quizzes and tests fall into this category, especially the knowledge recall types (i.e., “which Amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment?”) It won’t always be tests and quizzes, but grades in this category will always be an attempt to measure what you know.
Social Studies Skills / 30% of Semester Grade– These measure what you can do, at least in terms of the skills central to this particular class. In some ways, this can be the toughest category – it’s the one most closely related to actual thinking and wrestling with ideas and information and such. On the other hand, this is the one category in which you may attempt mastery (or at least competence) as often as necessary until you “get it.” Because of that, you should ALWAYS have a 100% in SKILLS. If you don’t, it’s because you choose not to. Period. Literally.
Semester Test / 10% of Semester Grade– The ideal semester test incorporates both skills and knowledge, and of course you have to show up and take it to receive credit. I haven’t made this year’s test yet, so I can’t promise anything regarding what it will look like, but I can promise it will be worth 10% of your semester grade.
Miscellaneous Stuff You Should Know
All of the stuff in the school policy guide you’ll be given the first week of school applies in this class as well. You are responsible for knowing the rules of the school. Some of them make perfect sense; others are simply necessary in order for a building with well over 1,000 kids and less than 100 adults to function safely and smoothly.
You want to change the system? Start by beating the system – graduate, get yourself a real job, then run for School Board. Another option is to get an Education Degree and come shape young lives in your own way, all you like. If you’re not willing to get involved, power remains in the hands of those choosing to put in more effort than you. That’s how government works.
Anything you are doing in this class other than what you are supposed to be doing might become mine. I’m not actually looking for reasons to take your phone or your candy or your magazine or whatever. If you’re listening when I speak, getting your work done, and otherwise taking care of business without distracting those around you or annoying me in some way, we’ll probably be fine. If not, I’ll need a parent call or email to get your stuff back. With increased freedom comes increased responsibility.
Other teachers do not have the authority to excuse you from this class. If you are tardy or absent without a pass from an administrator, counselor, or the school nurse, then you are tardy or absent. Notes from another teacher do not change this. Every teacher thinks their class is WAY more important than everyone else’s class – but it’s not.
Class lasts until I dismiss you. DO NOT get out of your seat or begin wandering over to the door before you have been dismissed. I realize this is Old School and not the way the cool teachers do it; it is how I do it, however, and I’m particularly grumpy and touchy about this one. I need desperately to believe there are a few lingering signs of civilization and that we have the ability to control our bodies and actions – at least in short bursts.
When in doubt about what to do, do the least disruptive thing and/or the thing which demonstrates respect for your fellow students. Use your best judgment, and if I think you made the wrong call, we’ll change it for next time.
Finally and Foremost… (if it’s possible to be ‘foremost’ at the end of something, which it may not be)
Don’t pretend you can’t do something just because it’s hard or makes you frustrated. Obviously some of it’s hard. If all of this were easy, we wouldn’t have to come to school to learn it; we could knock it out online and spend the rest of the day on Instagram or Twitter. THE LEARNING HAPPENS IN THE STRUGGLE.
Don’t complain that you’re not smart enough to do this or that or tell me you tried your best if you didn’t. I mean, lie to me if you must (although it’s usually not effective), but don’t lie to yourself about what you can or can’t do. You might start believing yourself.
That being said, don’t make the opposite mistake and hesitate to ask questions or seek help if you’re stuck or confused. Ask your classmates, read the directions again, etc., FIRST, but if you’re still not sure, come see me before or after school or at an appropriate time during class. The same thing applies if you have questions about a grade you received, a comment I made, a topic we discussed, or anything else class or school-related. You’re not “bothering me” when you do this; the district actually pays me a paltry salary primarily so that I’ll help you with stuff. It’s what I do. Have you not seen the motivational posters everywhere?
I’m always happy to talk to your parental units, but they’re not the ones trying to learn how to become students, historians, or grown-ups. YOU should try to handle it first – THEN call in backup if we’re for some reason unable to work it out. That’s one of the primary goals of school – to help you become actual people. With increased potential comes increased responsibility.
I want you to struggle, yes—but you’re of no use to anyone curled up in a fetal position shaking in fear and self-loathing. Own your learning. Seek solutions. Ask. Try.
They just stood there, laughing; they’re not laughing anymore.
The walls came down.
I realize the song uses the Battle of Jericho somewhat metaphorically, but here’s something to consider as we rush through these final 10 Days before #OKElections16 Primary Runoffs – the Israelites didn’t have to have the POWER to overcome the walls. They didn’t have to have the WEAPONS or the RESOURCES to overcome the opposition. And yet, despite all worldly odds, those walls DID come down.
But they DID have to DO something – they had to march. Quite a bit, actually. That, and toot their little horns at the end.
I love you, #OklaEd, but you need to get your edu-booties physically engaged and volunteer for some of these critical campaigns. Like… NOW. I’m not doing this for myself – I’m a thousand years old and with any luck will be dead soon. But there are these children scattered across the state who’ll be paying your Social Security… or not.
Volunteer that time. Make those calls. Walk those neighborhoods. If you really want, you can toot your little horns when it’s all done, too.
In the meantime, a few things you simple SHOULD NOT MISS from the world of edu-bloggery this past week or so…
Sometimes Teaching Is Difficult – This freshman post from the mysterious, new “Oklahoma Teacher” (such a quirky and creative name – wonder how they thought of it?) is about as freshly forthright as you could ask.
Despite the title, nothing here is whiny or bitter. It’s simply a rallying cry for more teachers to share their stories and raise their voices in service of the larger good. As the post says, “Public education is not failing. Teachers are not failing. Communities are not failing their schools. Our policies are failing.”
Boo-yah!
Follow @thefrustr8edT on the Tweetering and add your voice to the mix. #oklaed
The Victorian Demagogue: 19th Century Words on a Modern Day Danger – Mimi Matthews is a brilliant historian and pithy, engaging history blogger focused on all things 19th Century. Whether discussing tennis attire or cat funerals, she brings clarity and thoughfulness to subjects which may not make it into textbooks but which bring color and life to our collective past.
In this post, Matthews examines historical perceptions of those labeled “demagogues” in their own day, their character, and their impact on those under their sway. I know usually we talk about studying history to better underrstand the present, but I can’t think of anything contemporary to which this might relate at the moment… but, I mean, I’m sure it COULD happen. Someday.
Follow @MimiMatthewsESQ on the Twittering, and learn stuff. Plus, she cracks me up.
In any case, this post was partly chosen to bring attention to the rest of her amazing work, but mostly because the first item on the list is “I hate water chestnuts.”
That’s what Carter leads with when playing “getting to know you.” Can you imagine first dates, or parent-teacher night, or the confessional box? “I’m Sarah… I hate water chestnuts.”
*pause*
Or maybe I’m the only one quite so enamored by this. In any case, get to know @mathequalslove on the Twitters and show Carter a little math. (See what I did there?) #oklaed
Symbols & Context – This one is from earlier in the summer, but makes for fascinating reading nonetheless. L.Z. Marie of Fiction Flirts With Fact is a writer and educator who blogs regularly about the tools of the trade.
Here, she’s compiled some of her best posts about using Setting, Direction, Biblical Allusions, Shapes, Architecture, and a dozen of other elements to make your writing richer and your themes more compelling. If for some reason you’re NOT writing a novel, I assure you this is an enlightening and engaging read anyway.
Heck, it’s even a downloadable PDF for those of you who might find it a helpful classroom resource.
I confess I’m something of a fanboy of Marie’s since I checked out the first book in her ‘Merkabah’ series – you know, just to see what it was like. I was immediately hooked and devoured the second book as well. The nearly one-year delay before this third one became available was… OMG. I hate to lose my street cred, but it was a long, painful wait. So, you know, if you read and stuff…
Follow @LZMarieAuthor on the Twitters. She’s good, and she’s good for you.
Mattering Every Day! – I don’t really DO positive or caring, but I’m smart enough to hang out with those who do, and who do it so very well.
Rob Miller of A View From The Edge is one of the most legit when it comes to the warm fuzzies. He’s never delusional, and rarely particularly rainbow-and-unincorn-ed. He does, however, know how to put things into perspective – even if that means a little motivational brilliance, like this.
Follow @edgeblogger on the Twittering and get wise and warm REGULARLY. #oklaed
This last video needs very little explanation for any of you who’ve been following events in #OKElections16. It says much when the people who know you best, believe in you the most. Thank you Angela Little for loving your kids enough to get involved, and to take the heat for speaking truth to wanna-be-power. And thank you for loving ALL of our kids enough to stay right where you are doing exactly what you do, with style and grace. #oklaed
The Powers-That-Be seems to have confused “cause” and “effect” recently. As the ominously-uttered (with-background-music-in-a-minor-key) “Teacher Caucus” struggles forward, trying to save our students and our sanity – not necessarily in that order – entrenched power has begun hammering a narrative in which we sorta sprang out of nowhere, determined to cause trouble. Presumably we simply have a hankerin’ for discord and a little time to kill – us not having real jobs and all.
My favorite part is how we’re all so greedy and wasteful… and the more they hack away at basic resources, the greedier and more wasteful we seem to be.
Here’s a little tip for the angry elves – we hate politics. We all have cooler things we’d rather blog about, and better uses for our $100 contributions here and there – pathetic as they may be compared to your out-of-state fiscal overlords. Given the choice, I’d probably go back to things just mostly sucking several years ago and ride it out as best I could, focused on my kids and my workshops and periodic bursts of issue-specific ranting.
But you just had to keep hacking away to please They-Who-Must-Not-Be-Taxed, didn’t you? And you broke it all. Then you doubled down and broke it all more, on principle – because the more you break it, the more ‘freedom’ and ‘prosperity’ is apparently happening.
And we’re the danger to innocents across the state? Really?
Still, there have been some powerful moments in the midst of the inanity. While I can’t possibly do justice to the edu-bloggery proffered from #oklaed and beyond since the conclusion of the last school year, here are a few which you simply SHOULD NOT MISS…
Failure– Scott Haselwood on Teaching From Here isn’t the first to highlight the importance of reframing how we think about “failure,” but this is one of the best pieces I’ve read on the subject. No diatribes on “grit,” pro or con – just honesty and reflection. Remember when we used to do that in order to get better?
Follow @teachfromhere on the Twitters to experience even more failure!
Wait, that didn’t come out right… #oklaed
The Growth Mindset Initiative – Amanda Smith on Running Through Elementary talks about helping students press through the struggle, academically or otherwise. Like any good revival meeting, some of the thoughts are familiar, but expressed in fresh, clear, introspective prose.
Writing like this makes me want to be a better teacher.
This is not an argument about Dweckian this-or-that, just a simple reminder that the words we use mattter, and that kids are smarter and more capable than they think they are. More than we sometimes think they are.
Be smarter and more capable by getting Twitterized with @runnningthruelem. #oklaed
Dear Target Mom – Meghan Loyd on For The Love recounts an inexplicably hostile encounter with a parent while shopping. While the mother’s behavior is atypical, it pulls back the curtain on so much of the underlying frustration and misunderstanding over budgets and funding and the plethora of miscellany which teachers (and parents, and many others) juggle on a daily basis.
The teacher isn’t the “bad guy,” but neither is the mom – we’re being played and pointed towards one another while handed pointed sticks and bangy rocks. Don’t bum-fight for the powerful.
The Proof Is In The Paycheck – Mindy Dennison on This Teacher Sings instigated a unexpurgated kerfuffle when she wrote about her paycheck recently – in part, perhaps, because she included the entire check stub without black boxes or edits. She avoided all the usual teacher martyrdom rhetoric, and merely explained the key items on her pay stub and compared them to a neighboring state.
People lost their $#%&. It was weird.
It’s the second of Dennison’s posts to go completely viral. Imagine what she could do if she focused on farme and publishing deals instead of just trying to educate and enlighten her kids… tsk tsk.
Follow @MrsDSings on the Twitters and see what other trouble she causes. #oklaed
For any of you feeling a bit overwhelmed by arguments over tax policy, statistics, needs, wants, and values, OKPolicy.org is probably the best all around source for presenting complicated issues clearly and with lots of visual aids.
I know we sometimes wish it would all just go away, but the first step towards change is being armed with understanding. They’ve even broken it into Part One and Part Two to make it less intimidating.
Now go read it, dammit.
I know these are tiring times, my darlings – but you must choose to believe. This is your state, these are your kids, and this is your calling.