10 Lessons Learned from Common Core Testing

10 Lessons Screen ShotThe Journal, an online periodical dedicated to “transforming education through technology” recently posted a fascinating list: “10 Lessons Learned from the Assessment Field Tests – Schools and districts that took part in the PARCC and Smarter Balanced trial runs share their experiences to help you prepare for online testing this spring.”

If you’re one of my Eleven Faithful Followers, you know I’m not particularly anti-Common Core. Oklahoma’s not even a Common Core state this month. Still, I work enough in surrounding states which ARE that I thought it would be worth perusing.

And… oh my god. The list… it’s… well, irony is dead to say the least.

All ten are the same lesson, repeated without irony or complaint – “Spend More Time and Resources Hyper-Focused on Computer-Based Testing.”

Lesson #1: Prioritize Your Infrastructure

Many school tech directors “talk about the devices first.” That’s the wrong approach… “You have to talk about the infrastructure first. Get that working, get that up to speed, spend the money where you need to there, and then talk about the devices.”

Too many schools are wasting their resources on instructional items or those overpaid tenured classroom teachers. Let’s prioritize, shall we?

Nothing on this list makes even a token effort to suggest “kids knowing stuff” should even be a factor, let alone a priority. Any resources devoted to learning are specifically redirected to things like…

Lesson #2: Do A Dry Run

Computer RoomSetting aside the unpleasant implications of having dry runs, you should monopolize the manpower and classroom space required for testing well in advance of the ‘real thing’. This carries the additional benefit of eliminating early any lingering sense we should care about anything else. Ever.

…If you’re taking a room that’s normally used for other purposes and dedicating it to testing, you may find that once you’ve packed it with “30 computers and 30 people, the air conditioning isn’t adequate to keep it cool. It’s not the thing you’d think of right off the bat.” Another possible scenario: You find out too late there isn’t enough power to run all the systems…

You might have enough Internet bandwidth coming into the school, but it may be that the access point that serves a particular sector of the school was expecting a dozen devices, and all of a sudden you have 30 or 40, and it’s not built for that much capacity.” There’s no substitute… “for setting up all your computers and getting the equivalent number of people in front of those computers, whether it’s students volunteering to stay after school to play around or a bunch of parents and teachers bringing up a practice test and trying it out and making sure everything works.”

Finally, something to do with all of those teachers and kids always wanting to hang around for hours after school – they can take practice tests online! That way, if there are problems, the school can promptly renovate their technological infrastructure solely to facilitate more testing. Bonus!

Lesson #3: Prepare Staff for New Priorities

New PrioritiesSo… what were the old priorities?

The Student Information Office dedicated two months to getting everything ready for the test, including working… to develop a schedule of testing sessions that they kicked back and forth for days on Google Docs…

“I didn’t have much to do at all with standardized testing before… Now we were totally dedicating our time to working on it.” Once the schedule was in place, the IT department dedicated about a month and a half to preparing the devices, “something that normally they wouldn’t have to do.”

It’s difficult to know where to begin mocking something so naturally horrifying and full of self-parody. Keep in mind no one included or quoted is complaining – they’re sharing their keys to success.

Lesson #4: Try a “SWAT” Approach

…There’s no such thing as over-planning when a school is undertaking a major initiative such as the transition to online testing… make sure you have a lot of people to help you out… 

If there’s one thing schools have in abundance, it’s helpful people without anything to do. We hardly know what to do with them anymore! Thank goodness testing is here so they won’t be bored or anything.

Lesson #5: Adjust on the Fly

Good news! No matter how much you plan, tons of stuff will go horrible wrong. Be ready to be consumed with dealing.

Clearly the rules for PARCC and Smarter Balance testing are different than other standardized tests in which the slightest wrinkle requires full shut down and execution of all witnesses, including the young. 

During the field testing, both the state department of education and Pearson held a daily briefing with district representatives to share problems and possible solutions…

I gotta give these people credit – they sound so enthused over the days spent troubleshooting a variety of devices. I’d be far less giddy over test-software-compatibility-alignment.

Computer & ChildLesson #6: Get All Hands on Deck

Although teachers acted as proctors during Burlington’s field testing, members of multiple departments were enlisted to provide in-school support… “We brought in as many team members as we possibly could.”

I don’t know about you, but I do get pretty fed up with people in the building wasting their time on stuff other than testing, test-prep, setting up for testing, or pretending to test so the testing tests go testier.

Lesson #7: Try Out Various Scheduling Scenarios 

If you’re not sure which approach to scheduling will be best, consider testing different schemes at different schools…

The best part about massive online resource-heavy testing is that there’s no reason every school should do it in the same way or under similar conditions. Variety and personalization are what makes it standardized and therefore such an effective tool.

KeyboardsLesson #8: Deal With Keyboards

Both PARCC and Smarter Balanced have mandated the use of external keyboards for their tests, but some districts have discovered that they should probably be optional. 

Um… but they’re not. Does anyone involved in this process understand how “standardized” works? Your personal flavor choices aren’t a factor – THAT’S THE WHOLE POINT. It’s why real teachers hate these.

“The students in Burlington don’t use an external keyboard. They like the on-screen keyboard. The fact that PARCC required it was actually a bit of a challenge for the kids who weren’t used to having it.” During the field test, he said, “Many of our kids disconnected the external keyboard and stayed with the on-screen keyboard. We just wanted to make sure they were using it however it was most comfortable for them.”

So maybe it’s not “standardized” causing the confusion so much as “mandated.” Or could we have been using that #3 pencil all along without retribution?

“Our students didn’t like having to sit at stations taking long stupid tests, so they looked up the answers on Wikipedia and then played Candy Crush. We just wanted them to be comfortable.”

Still, given that the districts quoted so far all have 1-to-1 technology, I can see how it might be important that every student have their own personalized test-taking device with which they’re so comfortable – just like every other child who’s ever going to have their worth judged by these assessments. Oh, wait…

Good thing there’s no possible correlation between your technological comfort-level and your ability to demonstrate what you know or are able to do academically.

Students TestingLesson #9: Practice the Sample Tests

Students will need help finding their way around the online assessments. Sample tests provided by both PARCC and Smarter Balanced can give them the introduction they need… “The performance tasks were certainly a new element, and that was probably the biggest change we saw… Part of that was building understanding around which tools the student can use during the assessment, such as dragging and dropping and drawing lines.”

To help students get comfortable… “We wanted all of our sites to have the time to make multiple practice tests before the field tests… so we could do it well in advance of the real test.”

I don’t have to even say it, do I?

Lesson #10: Put Your Communications Experts to Work

Although Smarter Balanced and PARCC have robust informational websites, the amount of content they make available can be overwhelming…

Yeah, lots of content can be. So can the skills required to effectively take ongoing technology-based assessments. 

Good thing we seem to have eliminated anything else which might clutter the minds or energies of our kids. 

With Friends Like These...

Dear Student of Color…

Writing LetterI should start with a warning that I’m probably going to say the wrong thing. I know this because I often say the wrong thing – not just with you, or with other students of color, but in general. Saying the wrong thing is something of a specialty of mine.

In this situation, however, the wrong thing is more daunting than usual. Here I am, an old white guy – one of a hundred or so Caucasians staffing this school, except for one assistant principal, one para, the security guard who subs when the regular guy is gone, and of course most of the custodial staff. And I want to talk to you about race – as if I have the slightest credibility to do so. You’ll feel partially obligated to listen, but I have no idea how it will actually be received or understood.

I’d like to apologize for – well, everything. I don’t mean this sarcastically or melodramatically, and under no circumstances am I interested in riding the liberal guilt train through your limited time here and expecting you to know how to respond. I’m pretty sure, though, that I’ve said or done things in our short time together which validate everything you find annoying about old white people, or perhaps add whole new things to the list.

It’s just… I try to avoid allowing racial subject matter to carry stigma or the wrong sort of power into my classroom or my interactions with students. Embarrassed whispers and the rushed clichés do little to improve our understanding of one another or anything we’re trying to learn.

I’m also trying to stay out of the sandtrap of comfortable white avoidance. It’s dishonest to simply steer around anything inflammatory, or reduce loaded issues to pre-compartmentalized tropes. It’s far too easy to reduce the most important human realities of social studies, literature, or history to abstractions with far less power to confuse or scare us. 

We distance ourselves from the strange creatures all those centuries ago capable of Indian Removal, Slavery, War with Mexico, or Japanese Internment Camps. I’m not ignoring that in some ways we’ve made huge strides towards equality and mutual respect and kumbaya – but we’re afraid to confess man’s eternal drive to camp with “us” and go to war with “them”. We tell ourselves you’re not developmentally ready to question or explore the evolutionary, social, political, or fiscal aspects of our collective urge to form teams and fight over land, food, women, cultural norms, or oblong inflated pigskins.

I’m sure in my efforts to be transparent and ‘real’ I’ve often only managed crass, or clichéd, or awkward, or just… wrong. I may make things worse as often as better, but if the alternative is to avoid these discussions altogether, I’ll keep taking that risk.

I apologize for my muddling, though, and I hope you recognize my intent if not my navigational skills.

As to race or other elements which make people more interesting, most of my understanding is second-hand. Through no control of my own, I was born a straight white male, and a fairly conservative one at that. As my preferred political party lost their collective minds over time, I drifted towards a kind of libertarian idealism… but one willing to settle for liberal efforts until some sort of educational revolution makes self-sufficiency a plausible –

You know what? I’m rambling, and I know from our last quiz that most of you don’t actually know the meaning of half of the things I just said.

What I’m getting at, though, is that it wasn’t until I started teaching that I started really caring about and trying to understand why some students act this way or that, while others are more likely to do such and such. In the abstract I have limited patience for talk of the ‘culture of poverty’ or ‘racial identity development’ – I just want anyone without a clearly defined disorder to make some effort to do their work, show a little mutual respect, and not be, you know… annoying.

But my students aren’t abstracts. Like you, they’re right here – with names and personalities and wants and needs and everything. And most of the time I really like them. My beliefs or opinions or emotional reactions to abstracts or groups of abstracts were no longer helpful.

I found I could care deeply about my students and still not ‘get’ them, which made it difficult to really fulfill that whole touch-the-future teacher thing.

That’s not always because of race, of course. White kids can make no damn sense plenty of times, and there are limitless reasons why I may grasp one kid’s world more intuitively than another’s. But clearly there are… trends. Visual clues who I’d ‘get’ and who I’d not. Even outside of class, stuff I’d hear or read began to resonate differently because they were suddenly not about abstract types of theoretical people but MY KIDS.  

As you continue to read and learn and experience things, you’ll discover that “us” and “them” loses its endurance when real faces and names enter the picture. You know from our last unit how important it is to demonize and “other”-ize the enemy in times of war. Without effective propaganda and group buy-in, it’s rather difficult to get super-excited about shooting someone in the face or blowing up their family. You may have noticed that even in ‘shooter’ video games you’re generally mowing down masses of generic scary looking –

I’m getting distracted again. I’m sorry. I’m not sure I’m doing a very good job here.

I guess what I want you to know is that I’m trying. I’m reading books about racial dynamics and adolescence and trying to understand more about cultural norms and common experiences without reducing you or anyone else in my care to a category – the Asian, the Mexican, the Beautiful Strong Dark Black Girl.  I’m on social media listening, asking, and sometimes annoying those I think useful. I don’t mean to annoy, but they can handle themselves – they’re of age and not my personal responsibility.

You are, at least while you’re here.

I hope you feel free to speak to me about anything related to… you know, stuff. Feel equally free NOT to speak to me about it. My ignorance may impact you, but it’s not your responsibility. You don’t owe me lessons on your world – you’re 14. That’s also why I won’t actually have this conversation with you. It’s just me and my Eleven Faithful Followers on the interwebs.

One more thing, though – something I probably WILL approach you with before the year is out. You know we have a pretty diverse group of students here. We’ve talked in class about what a huge advantage that is for us collectively, and I mean that – it’s not inspirational fluff like most of what we fill you with. But you’ve probably also noticed that, as I referenced above, we have a painful scarcity of teachers of color. I assure you the mass of old white folks running things really do mean well, but we’re somewhat limited by being, um… a bunch of old white folks.

As you move through high school and decide where to go for college… as you discover the strange mix of amazing options and inexplicable hurdles which await you… please consider teaching.

You’re one of my best – and I don’t mean “for your race” or whatever. I mean you’re quality – period. You’ll have more options than I could have imagined at your age. I’m not telling you not to follow your calling if it lies elsewhere. I’m certainly not telling you money and professional respect don’t matter, because they do – and you won’t get much of either if you teach anywhere in this beloved state.

But what you could do, if you’re so led, is to be that teacher you didn’t have. That example, that reference point, that option, that important part of the equation that we’re not nearly close enough to at the moment. I don’t know if I can promise you’ll change the world in the kind of dramatic ways we see in the movies, but – at the risk of being a little cheesy – we all change the world by what we do while we’re here. We all make “a difference”, for better or worse.

Consider making this one, better than me, for the ones who’ll be you when you’re me. Consider being amazing for them in small, thankless ways, because I wasn’t, or couldn’t, or just didn’t.

Thanks for hearing me out. You should head to class.

Roster Villification

Evil Hacker MaskedNote: After losing most of this blog and website just before Halloween of this year, I’ve been rebuilding it from salvaged text cut’n’paste into long documents with some pretty strange formatting. Since I’m having to redo any posts I wish to retain anyway, most are getting fresh edits – or at least being shortened a bit. Many are simply not being reposted. 

This was going to be one of those. 

But this week two First Grade teachers in Tulsa, Oklahoma, took a principled stand against subjecting their students to any more abuse in the name of standardized testing. Their story and the letter they sent home to parents made waves, and they are likely to be fired for doing what’s best for their students. 

I couldn’t help but remember a few months ago when I did the opposite, and caved in the face of almost no pressure. I’m reposting this as a confession in contrast to their courage and their conviction. My other rebuilt posts retain their original posting dates for logistical reasons; this one will not. It was originally posted April 16th, 2014. 

Roster Vilification 

Right now I hate my job. 

I like my co-workers, my administrators – even the nice lady from the ESC who had to talk us through Roster Verification this morning. I may hate myself a little, now that I think of it. 

DDDiceI don’t even teach a tested subject this year. State law as it stands this week (it’s been rather flaky lately, so who knows what 30 days from now might bring?) says I can pretty much make up my own standards for VAM in my department, while my friends down in the Math & Science halls are tied to tests already taken and cut scores which are determined by random rolls of leftover D&D dice sometime in July.  

What do I care, seriously? What difference does it make what bureaucracy I agree to, just to move things along? Why am I blogging this only so I don’t write my 2-week letter – THIS time of year of all times? 

I just looked through a list of 168 students and confirmed with God as my witness that I am 100% responsible for everything they’ve ever done or will do, good or bad.  Kids I haven’t seen in months. Kids who’ve been through weird circumstances, or who haven’t but have just shut down anyway. I’m also taken credit for kids I don’t think I’ve really taught much to – they’re just ‘those kids’ who show up and do most of what I ask.

They may have 102% in my class, but I don’t think they’re leaving with a love of learning so much as reinforced cynicism about just playing along with the system.  

Which is what I just did. 

Roster VerificationThis is wrong – this electronic tying of each teacher to each kid based solely on who’s on your grade book at a given point. It doesn’t matter that I have upper middle class white Methodists from two-parent families who only miss school for golf or family vacations to Europe, while the guy next to me has kids suspended so often he has more class admit forms than completed assignments. 

There’s nothing in the measurement to indicate where a given kid might be mentally, or emotionally, or how often I’ve even had them physically in front of me. I don’t even recognize some of the names I just said were mine. 

But I agreed to it all. 

I agreed to it all because refusal doesn’t make things difficult for the State – it makes things difficult for my building principal, who I love and respect. It makes things particularly difficult for the nice lady from the ESC who started off so determined not to take my comments personally, but who hasn’t dealt with me often enough to know how unrealistic that was. (She actually did very well until my first effort to submit everything locked up the network – probably at the State’s end – and we had to reboot and start over.) 

I agreed they’d been with me in such and such class all year, even though first semester was an entirely different course with a different name and number. I agreed although 140+ kids from various teachers including myself were pulled out of our sections in November and given to the new guy – but I couldn’t remember which ones and didn’t want to try to dig through old records to fix it.  I agreed even though it was wrong – wrong mathematically, morally, pedagogically, and emotionally.

I agreed because refusing to cooperate wouldn’t change anything, and would be a huge pain in the ass for people who aren’t actually the ones causing the problem. I agreed because realistically this won’t even affect me that much – I teach Social Studies. No one cares what we do most of the time. We don’t get much support or respect compared to other cores, but we also don’t get called to the same meetings or face the same stress. I’m 47 and tenured, and could probably make the same money doing workshops and PD full time. I agreed because this isn’t really my problem. 

Malala Newsweek CoverWhich is the opposite of what I teach my kids all year. It’s the antithesis of that stuff that helps maintain the thin illusion that anything we’re doing here matters, or has value, or could change anything. “Don’t rock the boat – it won’t help!” That should replace the other posters in my classroom for the last two weeks. Just sit in the back of the damn bus. Just finish the wire transfer from the hidden account. Just ignore the policies that maintain poverty for political gain, or segregation for social stability. Just walk past the problem.

You don’t even have to pull the trigger – just don’t step in front of the gun. You’re not that important – you can’t change something this big with some small, symbolic gesture that’s going to do nothing except make everyone around you have to work harder because you’re an ass. Pick your battles, dude – just click the ‘Submit’ button. This is Oklahoma – what are the chances that whatever policy is going to save us all this week will even be around in a year? 

So I went along with it. I did what the instructions said, cynically, but in order to move along – much like my most successful students, now that I think about it. They do it because we tell them to, and that’s how you get an ‘A’. I fight it all year, wrestling for their academic souls, and just gave mine away for a bowl of convenience stew. 

None of my kids will know, or care. My co-workers get it, but figure – correctly, no doubt – that I’m overreacting. My bosses might even agree, but can’t come out and say so.

But none of that really matters, because right now I hate my job. I hate my state. I hate the naiveté that’s kept me doing this for so long as I move past my otherwise employable years. I hate the other professions I turned down because I thought I was that f***ing important – a difference maker – a world shaker. I hate how when that little moment of decision came, I did the easy thing because I didn’t think the big thing was even a possibility. I just fed the machine, and it let me go back to class. 

Grapes of Wrath CoverI have students coming in 15 minutes, and we should be discussing what we’ve read so far in The Grapes of Wrath. I’d meant to talk about “Joe Davis’s boy,” who drives the tractor that’s tearing up their land and down their homes, and I’ll ask them whether he’s part of the problem or not.

They’ll say he is, most of them. And they’re right. 

We’ll talk about the ‘monster’ that’s bigger than the people who work for it and in it, and – being young – they’ll take a more defiant stance than the characters in the book are able to at this stage in the story. A better stand than I did today. Eventually, maybe, they’ll learn to just… go along. I can hardly steer them otherwise. 

I hate myself today. And I’m sorry. 

Chipotle Mexican Grill & Charter School

Chipotle GrillWe still hear from time to time that public schools could learn a few things from successful private businesses. If so, why not Chipotle Mexican Grill?

Chipotle is a rather brilliant concept. The food is fairly high-quality, and I’ve been 27th in line and still eating within ten minutes. The menu is somewhat limited, but with five or six choices at each of the four steps shaping your dining experience, it at least feels like great variety is in play. 

The staff undergoes substantial training before they’re allowed to actually make or serve food. The ingredients are organically grown and the meat naturally raised. (I’m not entirely sure what this means, but I believe it involves little chicken playgrounds and fun cow activities for the young.) 

There are higher quality restaurants with greater variety, of course. Usually these are local treasures, often unique and almost never part of the major chains. There are cheaper and faster places to eat, also – but they’re not usually as good. 

Creepy Plastic Fast Food MascotsBut what Steve Ells did is pretty amazing. He started small, tried different formats, swapped out a few ingredients, then reproduced the most successful combination on a large scale. All the benefits of sit-down dining and the economies of scale normally found in eating establishments represented by cartoon characters or creepy plastic-headed men. It’s a charter school movement dream come true!

For the analogy to work, of course, we’d need to make a few minor adjustments. First and foremost, diners heretofore will be required to eat at Chipotle almost exclusively. A special few may be allowed to go to Abuelo’s or Chuy’s, but there aren’t enough of those to go around – so maybe some sort of lottery would have to be involved. 

Everyone else MUST eat there, and every day – whether they want to or not. The staff will have to deal with these unwilling customers and be fully accountable for their dining happiness and success. There are vegetables in those pans for a reason, young lady!

Also, Chipotle will need to make some modifications for customers who may need gluten-free choices, or who can’t carry their own trays, or who eat more at breakfast than lunch, or who don’t like Mexican food. Some will want extra chips or different beans, some all rice all the time. Several need their food pre-chewed – all without changing the price, speed, or quality of service. You can’t reasonably expect everyone to eat the same way, can you? You can only expect them to all eat at the same place under the same format served by the same staff with the same resources. 

Duh.

Getting a PhysicalEmployees at Chipotle will be held to higher standards than currently the norm. Customers will undergo regular physicals, including checks of their weight, blood pressure, cholesterol, stamina, heart-rate, and anything else we can think of – including whatever might be trending that year. Locations unable to demonstrate consistent weight-loss and fitness-gain will face staff reductions and reduced ingredients until they improve. 

Individual workers whose customers fail to grow taller, stronger, and healthier (whether eating during their shifts or not) will be publicly exposed and placed on plans of improvement. All servers are expected to bus tables, sweep floors, study cookbooks, and otherwise contribute during their off hours. They’ll be paid slightly below minimum wage and regularly berated by Gordon Ramsay look-alikes, most of whom have been speaking at restaurant conferences and writing cookbooks far longer than they spent asking whether customers preferred black beans or guacamole. 

Bureaucracy YellowA percentage of resources currently poured into running the various Chipotle Mexican Grills around the country will be redirected to a bureaucracy responsible for overseeing these things. These sundry minions’ expertise will be based largely on them having eaten at a Chipotle at some point, or if not, having eaten somewhere else at some point in their lives.

Other than those minor tweaks, I see absolutely no reason the model can’t be replicated and mandated in every neighborhood of every state across this grand land, regardless of the wants, needs, or dietary requirements of this or that little region. All people, regardless of background, need picante. Period.

I’ve run this by a few people, and they refuse to share my dream. They argue I’ll ruin the restaurant altogether, or that my suggestions are completely unrealistic and can’t possibly be serious. To be honest, I’m shocked at the reaction. The manager at my local Chipotle heard only a fraction of it before laughing and walking off.

Clearly he’s terrified of a little accountability. Typical. 

Oh, Were You Gone?

Boris & NatashaJust before Halloween (probably no connection), bad people (by which I of course mean the Russians) exploited a security hole in –

Actually, it doesn’t matter. The point is my websites died at their dirty little virtual hands. This one, my class website, my wife’s site, etc. Fast forward to the rebuild, and a few lessons learned during those two weeks.

(1) You can never over-backup stuff, and in various places and formats. Like lycopene, you can know theoretically you need more, but it’s tough to make it a priority on any given busy day.

(2) It’s funny how reassuring that stockpile of posts (eight months, less than 100 entries) must have been for their absence to be felt so strongly. At the same time, as I look back over the remnants – my wife having salvaged text copies of most – I had kinda remembered them being better. In other words, this blog and I have the same basic dynamics of a rather dysfunctional relationship. “I hate you – please don’t leave me.”

Fake Google Analytics(3) Google Analytics assures me that people were reading the blog – but mostly when I was on a rant about something – usually Dr. Barresi and the OKSDE. The sharper the sarcasm, the higher the views. This isn’t all bad, but it increases my conundrum regarding those posts. On the one hand, she’s all but gone – why invest the time necessary to recreate those posts? On the other, without them I’m rebuilding the blog version of ‘B-sides and Alternate Takes’… a kind of ‘Everything Except the Hits’ boxed set.

(4) I sometimes hate blogging, but I hate not blogging more. In this sense, it’s like exercise for me – I don’t necessarily look forward to it, it’s not usually pleasant while it’s happening, but I feel so much worse when I don’t do it. When I do it halfway well, however – it’s a decent, albeit temporary, feeling. Either can lead to chicken strips and tots.

(5) It sucks when you’re gone and the internet goes on without you. People still tweet, post to FB, blog, and otherwise commune about things OTHER THAN “Hey! When Will Blue Cereal Be Back Up and Edu-spiring the Masses?!?” I realize most of you were trying to be brave, and hide your pain, but a little hand-wringing and lamentation would have been understandable. Besides, it’s not healthy to hold in all of that suffering.

Boo Berry Cereal BoxI’ll be reposting many but not all of my past scintillations. As long as I’m having to recreate them from salvage anyway, I’ve been cleaning them up as I go. Some of them are better as a result, and most are at least shorter. The plethora of visuals may or may not be fully reinstituted, but I’m not sure that will break anyone’s heart. Mostly it just lowers the instances of copyright violation for which I’m culpable.

Those of you who subscribe may see some things again. While technically most of them have changed, it won’t hurt my feelings if you ignore the new & improved versions. On the other hand, can you ever REALLY get enough?

Feel free to email or DM with thoughts or questions along the way. The periodic interactions with those of you I’d never know otherwise really are the BEST part of this little vanity exercise. Play your cards right, I may share the tots.